Macintosh History: 1989

In January 1989 (one of Apple's favorite months for new releases), Apple unveiled the best ever compact Mac with a 9" b&w display, the Macintosh SE/30.

Essentially a Mac IIx in an SE case with only one expansion slot, the compact SE/30 became a favorite network server, since it didn't require buying a video card and monitor like the IIx did.

Best of all, that expansion slot could hold an accelerator card, allowing today's SE/30 owner to buy a 50 MHz 68030-based upgrade and roughly triple performance. (Daystar once made a 33 MHz 68040, which was even more powerful.)

In March, Apple introduced two very practical monitors for professionals, the Portrait Display, which could show a full page at once, and the Two-Page Display, a 21" screen that showed two pages side-by-side. Both were high quality b&w screens, many of which remain in use today.

Also in March, Apple released the first small modular Mac, the IIcx. Essentially a IIx with only three NuBus slots in a case about two-thirds the size, the IIcx was a runaway success, especially in the graphics community. Even with a video card and network card, the IIcx had a slot to spare.

But Apple didn't stop there - six months later it shipped the Mac IIci, the first Mac to run faster than 16 MHz. Not only did the IIci run at a blazing 25 MHz, but by adding a 32 KB level 2 cache card, the user could boost performance another 30%, making it about twice as fast as the earlier 16 MHz Macs.

This was also the first modular Mac with integrated video. Using system memory, the IIci could run a 640 x 480 display at 256 colors or a Portrait Display with 16 shades of gray.

Of course, there were compromises involved with this design. Since video ran at 25 MHz, it was very fast, but because it used system memory, other processes were slowed by about 8%. To overcome this, many users installed NuBus video cards, allowing system memory to be used just for programs, not video.

The IIci had the best SCSI throughput, hitting approximately 2.1MBps, compared with 1.4MBps for earlier models. Even the "wicked fast" 40 MHz IIfx introduced in 1990 had slower SCSI.

The Anchor

Introduced simultaneously with the IIci, the Mac Portable was one of the largest "laptop" computers ever created. Weighing in at over 16 pounds, the Portable had a lot of redeeming features:

• the lead-acid battery provided 5-10 hours of power
• the active matrix screen was the clearest on the market
• the 16 MHz 68000 was as perky as any Mac except the new IIci
• it could have either a trackball or numeric keypad
• it was a Macintosh, so Mac users didn't have to learn DOS or Windows so they could work in the field

The Portable really was an impressive piece of hardware despite the weight. MacUser called it "by far the most complex piece of machinery devised for sale by Apple computer" (Nov. 1989). Also, unlike earlier 68000-based Macs which were limited to 4 MB of RAM, the Portable could handle an amazing (and expensive) 9 MB of static RAM.

Even today, those who get their hands on the Portable are readily seduced by it.

The Competition

Intel first shipped the 80486 in 1989, although it wasn't used in a shipping computer until 1990.

And NeXT introduced NeXTstep, it's Unix-derived, Mac-like operating system. (Does this sound anything like OS X?)

Personal Perspective

When I worked at ComputerLand of Grand Rapids, I had an SE/30 on a pivot arm over my desk. That plus a 9600 bps NEC modem and an ImageWriter LQ printer kept me in business.

I used a IIci for several years, designing books on an Apple Two-Page Display. Although a powerhouse in its day, I was glad to move on to Quadras and Power Macs over the years. Of course, desktop publishing is one of those areas that drives the Mac market and never has enough speed.

I also own a Portable, which I don't even have a power supply for yet. And the battery is dead.

But it has 5 MB of RAM, it is possible to put a larger hard drive in, the screen is still gorgeous, and it can be used without the battery once I get an AC adapter.

As I said above, the Portable is seductive.